They did so by ‘voting with their feet’ – they escaped from the school into the mountains surrounding the Cape. Under Apartheid South Africa, there were eight education departments that followed different curricula and offered different standards of learning quality. History of African Education under Colonialism. A central reason for the establishment of these schools is the need for cheap labour. From the beginning of 1991, white schools were required to select one of four "Models": A, B, C, or D. "Model C" was a semi-private structure, with decreased funding from the state, and greatly increased autonomy for schools. These schools provided schooling of the same quality that white children received in state schools. This is entirely wrong and the Government recognizes it. It formally brings to an end missionary control of the education of black people and institutes a system of mass education. Following the British victory in the South African War, the British High Commissioner for Southern Africa, Sir Alfred Milner, brought thousands of teachers from Britain, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand to instil the English language and British cultural values, especially in the two former Afrikaner republics. 1900 Natal's African student numbers rise to 10 618. Timeline Description: Apartheid was a time in South Africa between 1948 and 1994 when the government made laws to discriminate against black people. We need to think deeply about how our leaders can be engaged creatively to confront the complexities of our schools. Higher education was generally reserved for those who could travel to Europe, but in 1829 the government established the multiracial South African College, which later became the University of Cape Town. South African Timeline: 1652 - 1999. It means, minimally, that we hold everybody to account, from political authorities to teachers, students and administrators in our schools (ourselves included!). One of the greatest mistakes of the education in the part has been this, that it has taught the African to become a European instead of remaining African. Through literature study, the past of education prior to the 1994 democratic elections was revealed. While slaves and the indigenous people, the Khoisan, faced great challenges during this time because of the harsh laws of the Dutch, we see a number of instances  where these oppressed people begin to organise themselves. This position was bureaucratised with an administrative apparatus by the end of this century. While school attendance is not compulsory, it is introduced everywhere. Six years after the Dutch East India Company established its colony at the Cape, the first formal school is begun in 1658. As we confront the intense difficulties at our schools and come face-to-face with our teaching and learning challenges -  the decline in reading, writing, comprehension and computing - it is the example of acting in our own interests that we need to recover. Important about this period is that it marks the institutionalization of education in the country and its formal deployment in the cause of building a white identity. Racial segregation and white supremacy had become central aspects of South African policy long before apartheid began. South Africa Timeline BCE. Significant about the period is understanding how strongly, with the exception of Lesotho, the educational systems of the region are tied up with the missionary and colonial experience and how significant these are in the challenges these countries have to confront when they become independent during the period from the 1960s to the early 1990s. South African involvement in Angola ended formally after the signing of a United Nations-brokered agreement known as the New York Accords between the governments of Angola, Cuba and South Africa, resulting in the withdrawal of all foreign troops from Angola and also South Africa's withdrawal from South West Africa (now Namibia), which the UN regarded as illegally occupied since 1966. Provincial autonomy in education was strengthened in the early twentieth century, and all four provincial governments used government funds primarily to educate whites. By 1877 some 60 percent of white school-age children in Natal were enrolled in school, as were 49 percent in the Cape Colony. Ghana . 1974 to 1983 The signature development of the later years of this period is, of course, the beginning of the great youth revolt. Key to understanding this period is the National Party winning the white election in 1948 and the process of instituting formal apartheid. The opening moment of education in South Africa coincides with the foundation of the colonial experience at the Cape in 1652. Schools played an important part in this experience. Whites were required to attend school between the ages of seven and sixteen. Language soon became a sensitive issue in education. While this early school was extremely oppressive, we have, in this first 150 years of Dutch occupation of the Cape, a number of deeply important developments – classic vignettes – which speak powerfully to our understanding of South African history. Meanwhile, constitutional provision was made for education in the Transvaal Republic in 1858 and properly so in 1863 in the Orange Free State. mpu1. As bureaucrats, we need to look beyond the superficial indicators of school-life. The purpose of the Bantu Education Act is two-fold. In the course of the apartheid government’s rule, new nations-in-the making are established such as the Ciskei and the Transkei, ostensibly self-ruled and independent, but in reality, reservoirs for the production of cheap labour. 1904 They taught themselves to read in communities like Genadendal or, as they did in the heart of the Colonial town of Cape Town, they kept themselves religiously intact by starting madrassas, Islamic schools, where they taught each other to read and write. C. 2,000 BC Bantu speaking people begin to migrate southwards. Important about this period is the consideration of policy choices in relation to the themes of power and its reconstitution and the imperative of reviewing the current era against the historical experiences which give it its social, political, economic and cultural character. The basis of this system is that a person's social responsibilities and political opportunities are defined by that person's ethnic identity. In rural areas, itinerant teachers (meesters) taught basic literacy and math skills. 2006 until now - use of English After their arrival, these parents placed a high priority on education. As these developments take place inside and outside South Africa, the ANC attempts to establish new and alternative approaches to schooling in an attempt to guide the youth revolt. The significance of this school in presenting the themes of domination and resistance, is vital for understanding South African education. Six years after the Dutch East India Company established its colony at the Cape, the first formal school is begun in 1658. These people become known as the Khoikhoi. Tags: Angie Motshekga department of basic education history South Africa. The government also financed teacher training classes for Africans as part of its pacification campaign throughout the nineteenth century. The government initially refused to fund schools adopting this program, but Jan C. Smuts, the Transvaal leader who later became prime minister, was strongly committed to reconciliation between Afrikaners and English speakers; he favoured local control over many aspects of education. At least two dozen English-language schools operated in rural areas of the Cape Colony by 1827, but their presence rankled among devout Afrikaners, who considered the English language and curriculum irrelevant to rural life and Afrikaner values. It means that we insist that we only get what is the very best that this country can deliver for us: good classrooms, good laboratories and good libraries; good teachers who teach to the best of their abilities and who are self-conscious of their strengths and shortcomings and can act on these; and students who value the privilege of learning and recognise their own responsibilities as learners. The National Policy for General Affairs Act (No. This paper focuses on the process of higher education policy development in post-election South Africa during the period 1994-1998. The kind of education that is introduced is deliberately inferior. Black children were required to attend school from age seven until the equivalent of seventh grade or the age of sixteen. The opening moment of education in South Africa coincides with the foundation of the colonial experience at the Cape in 1652. 1000 - For thousands of years hunter-gatherers called the San people inhabit South Africa. The curriculum will inevitably stress certain themes over others, and give voice to some perspectives but not others. Key to understanding this period are the frontier wars and the discovery, during the 1860 to 1880 period, of gold and diamonds, and then finally, the conflict between the British and the descendents of the Dutch, the Afrikaners. In 1997 the government launched its new education system called Curriculum 2005, which would be based on "outcomes based education" (OBE). 1948 to 1974 These twin forces, which open up routes of opportunity for the missionaries, come to impose British modernity everywhere in the country. The significance of apartheid is the systematic organisation of South African social, political and economic life along rigid racial lines. These scholars held the view that an indigenous person was a savage pagan with no history or culture to transmit. As teachers we need to be always trying new ways of being better at what we do. We need to delve into the historically rich controversies of this nation, with complete emphasis on the South African education system during and post-apartheid, which dates back from 1948 to 1994. Since 2009, all schools teach English as a subject from grade 1 and all subjects are taught in English from grade 4. 1806 to 1900 In May 1945, Prime Minister Smuts represented South Africa in San Francisco at the drafting of the United Nations Charter. One might refer to this period as a period of state-building on the part of the white establishment. This period saw the separate development of the following languages: Zulu, Xhosa, Swati, Ndebele, Southern Sotho, Northern Sotho, Tsonga, Tswana and Venda. It is believed that this was aimed at dividing black people in South Africa by emphasizing the differences between language groups. Education - Education - South Africa: From the time of the first white settlements in South Africa, the Protestant emphasis on home Bible reading ensured that basic literacy would be achieved in the family. Black schools had inferior facilities, teachers, and textbooks. 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